TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The brain is a major part of the central nervous system that controls various body activities, including thoughts, movements, emotions, and organ functions. Disorders in the brain can have various impacts, from a decline in cognitive function to death. Some brain diseases are highly risky and can be fatal if not handled appropriately.
According to Healthline and Cleveland Clinic, here are five brain diseases that have a high mortality rate:
1. Meningitis
Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This condition is commonly caused by bacterial or viral infections. In some cases, meningitis can occur simultaneously with encephalitis (inflammation of the brain tissue), known as meningoencephalitis. Common symptoms include high fever, headache, stiff neck, and impaired consciousness. Delayed treatment can increase the risk of serious complications.
2. Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury occurs due to severe impact or blunt force to the head. This type of injury can trigger brain function disorders through tissue damage, blood clots (hematoma), brain swelling (cerebral edema), or bruising of the brain tissue. Such injuries can also cause concussion or secondary stroke. The impacts depend on the location and severity of the injury.
3. Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is a condition of excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord) within the brain cavity. This accumulation can increase pressure inside the skull and disrupt brain function. Hydrocephalus can occur in all age groups, and in many cases, requires medical intervention such as the placement of a drainage device (shunt).
4. Brain Tumor
A brain tumor is the abnormal growth of cells inside the brain. Tumors can be primary (originating from the brain itself) or secondary (spread from other parts of the body). Brain tumors are classified as benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and are divided into several grades of severity (grade 1 to 4). Tumors with higher grades are generally more aggressive and require intensive treatment.
5. Brain Abscess
Brain abscess is the accumulation of pus due to bacterial infection in the brain tissue. This condition usually begins from an infection in other parts of the body such as the ear, sinuses, or respiratory tract, which then spreads to the brain. Symptoms may include fever, headache, and neurological disorders. Treatment commonly involves the administration of antibiotics and, if necessary, surgery to remove the abscess.
Malini contributed to the writing of this article.
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